Pressure sores, also known as bedsores and pressure ulcers, form in an area of the skin that suffers constant pressure and fiction which begins to break down. Pressure sores commonly form on areas of the body that are bony and do not have much padding of muscle or fat. They are often seen in people who are paralyzed, bed-bound, and those that are confined to a wheelchair. It is important to spot pressure sores early to prevent complications that could be fatal.
Early Signs and Symptoms
When looking for pressure sores, it is important to focus on areas where tissues are most likely going to be stressed. The most common places for a pressure sore to develop are on the tailbone, hips, heels, back of the head, and elbows.
One of the earliest visual cues that a pressure sore may be developing is redness. If the area looks red and doesn’t turn white when pressed, it is a good indication that a pressure sore is developing. The area may also appear bluish-purple and bruised.
When touching the skin, if it feels suddenly hardened or has a mushy, fluid-filled feeling to it, or feels warmer or cooler than the surrounding tissue, this may be another sign that a pressure sore is developing.
Early Pressure Sore Prevention
If an early pressure sore is suspected, it is best to take action immediately. First, all pressure should be removed from that area immediately. Use of wedges and cushions can prevent further pressure and your loved one should be moved to alleviate pressure every few hours.
The affected area should be cleaned and patted dry thoroughly and inspected at least twice a day to ensure the wound is not progressing. Thick creams can act as a buffer for the skin and keep the area soft and supple. Clothing should be kept loose and avoid buttons or zippers that may put pressure on the skin.
Additionally, a diet high in protein, vitamins, and minerals be followed and the patient kept properly hydrated. Nutrition is important for prevention and healing, and is often lacking in patients prone to pressure sores. If a pressure sore is caught early and proper prevention is followed, a pressure sore that is stage 1 can normally be reversed in three days. However, if a suspected pressure sore does not heal in 2-3 days, a healthcare professional should be consulted.
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